MRI technology was awarded a Nobel Prize in 2003 — it uses magnetic fields and radio waves, not radiation.

Vulcanization — treating rubber with sulfur — transformed a sticky, temperature-sensitive material into durable industrial rubber.

The Brooklyn Bridge required innovative caisson construction.

The Apollo guidance computer had less power than a modern calculator.

The camera allowed images to be captured and preserved.

Solar panels are made from silicon wafers and convert sunlight into electricity through the photovoltaic effect.

The Hoover Dam generates hydroelectric power for millions of people.

The wind turbine converts wind into electrical energy.

The world's first programmable computer, the Colossus, was built secretly in Britain during World War II to decode Nazi messages.