🦠 Bacteria

Facts About Bacteria: The Original Inhabitants

Bacteria have been on Earth for 3.5 billion years. Humans have been here for about 300,000. The math is not in our favor.

30 FactsVerifiedA FactFacts Post

Bacteria were the first life on Earth, and they remain by far the most numerous. There are roughly as many bacterial cells in your body as human cells. The collective bacterial mass on Earth outweighs every animal combined.

They digest food, fix nitrogen, decompose dead matter, and occasionally make people sick. Most are harmless or helpful. The ones that aren't have driven the evolution of every immune system that exists.

These verified facts cover bacterial biology, the human microbiome, antibiotic resistance, extremophiles, and the strange ways bacteria have survived everything Earth has thrown at them for the past three and a half billion years.

Below: every fact from our verified archive that touches this topic. Each is independently sourced; click through to its dedicated page.

01
Science

Some bacteria can survive in extreme environments such as deep-sea vents.

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02
Science

Some bacteria evolve resistance to antibiotics through natural selection.

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03
Nature

Some bacteria thrive in extreme heat near hydrothermal vents.

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04
Animals

The yeti crab cultivates bacteria on its claws for food.

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05
Nature

Some bacteria can live inside rocks.

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06
Human Body

There are more bacteria in your body than human cells.

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07
Human Body

There are more bacteria in your body than human cells.

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08
Science

Some bacteria can survive in nuclear radiation.

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09
Nature

The smell of rain has a name — petrichor — and it's caused by bacteria, oils, and ozone.

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10
Animals

Vultures urinate on their own legs to kill bacteria picked up from carcasses.

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11
Human Body

There are more bacterial cells in your body than human cells.

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12
Nature

The smell of rain has a name — petrichor — caused by an oil released by plants and a compound produced by bacteria.

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13
Human Body

Your skin is home to roughly 1,000 species of bacteria per square centimeter.

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14
Human Body

There are more bacterial cells in your body than human cells — roughly 38 trillion vs. 30 trillion.

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15
Ocean

The Dead Sea is so salty that nothing larger than bacteria can survive in it, and swimmers float effortlessly.

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16
Food

Sourdough bread is made from a 'starter' — a live culture of wild yeast and bacteria that can be maintained for decades.

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17
Science

CRISPR gene-editing technology is based on a natural immune defense mechanism found in bacteria.

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18
Science

Mitochondria have their own DNA, separate from nuclear DNA, supporting the theory that they were once independent bacteria.

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19
Science

Vinegar is produced by bacteria converting ethanol to acetic acid — a two-stage fermentation process.

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20
Technology

Self-healing concrete, embedded with bacteria that produce limestone when cracked, could dramatically extend building lifespans.

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21
Nature

The smell of rain on dry earth is called petrichor — it's caused by a compound called geosmin released by bacteria.

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22
Technology

Self-healing concrete embedded with bacteria could dramatically extend building lifespans.

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23
Science

Honey found in Egyptian tombs 3,000 years old is still edible — its pH and low moisture prevent bacteria.

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24
Nature

The smell of rain on dry earth is called petrichor — caused by a compound called geosmin from bacteria.

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25
Science

Acetic acid, the active compound in vinegar, is produced by bacteria fermenting ethanol in wine.

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26
Science

Freezing food does not kill bacteria — it pauses their activity. Thawing can allow rapid growth if done improperly.

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27
Science

The average person has between 500 and 10,000 different species of bacteria in their gut.

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28
Science

Penicillin-resistant bacteria were identified within 3 years of penicillin's widespread introduction.

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29
Science

Alexander Fleming noticed that a mold contaminating his petri dish killed bacteria — and followed up on the observation.

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30
Science

Bacteria can share genes with each other horizontally — across species — through a process called horizontal gene transfer.

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