Lightning is hotter than the surface of the Sun, strikes Earth millions of times a day, and we still can't fully explain why thunderstorms become electrically charged.
A lightning bolt heats the air it passes through to roughly 50,000 °F — about five times hotter than the Sun's surface. That rapid superheating is what creates the shockwave we hear as thunder.
Earth gets struck by lightning approximately 8 million times every 24 hours. Most strikes are cloud-to-cloud and we never see them. The ones that hit the ground tend to favor tall pointed objects — which is why 'lightning never strikes twice' is folklore, not science.
These verified facts cover what we know about lightning physics, the science of thunder, why airplanes survive direct hits, and the strange variations like ball lightning and red sprites.
Below: every fact from our verified archive that touches this topic. Each is independently sourced; click through to its dedicated page.