💧 Water

Facts About Water: The Compound Everything Depends On

Water expands when it freezes, dissolves more substances than any other liquid, and the same molecules have been recycling through Earth for 4 billion years.

30 FactsVerifiedA FactFacts Post

Water is weirder than its everyday familiarity suggests. It's one of the only common substances that's less dense as a solid than a liquid — which is why ice floats. That single property is what makes lakes and oceans habitable in winter; if water sank when frozen, life as we know it might not exist.

Roughly 60% of your body is water. The Earth's hydrosphere holds about 326 million cubic miles of it. Less than 3% is fresh; less than 1% is accessible.

These verified facts cover water's chemistry, its planetary cycle, the strangeness of its phase transitions, and the role it plays in everything alive.

Below: every fact from our verified archive that touches this topic. Each is independently sourced; click through to its dedicated page.

01
Science

Water expands when it freezes, which is why ice floats.

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02
Science

Water is composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.

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03
Nature

Water is the only natural substance that commonly exists as a solid, liquid, and gas on Earth.

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04
Nature

Water can erode rock over long periods of time.

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05
Science

Some metals explode when they touch water.

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06
Science

There are more atoms in a glass of water than glasses of water in all Earth's oceans.

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07
Science

A glass of water always contains at least one molecule that has passed through a dinosaur.

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08
Science

There are more atoms in a glass of water than glasses of water in Earth's oceans.

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09
Science

Sound travels about four times faster in water than in air.

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10
Science

You can hear the difference between hot and cold water being poured.

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11
Science

Some metals explode when exposed to water.

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12
Science

Hot water can freeze faster than cold water under certain conditions — the Mpemba effect.

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13
Science

Sound travels about 4 times faster in water than in air.

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14
Science

Supercooled water can remain liquid below 0°C and instantly freeze when disturbed.

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15
Science

Pure water does not conduct electricity — it's the dissolved minerals that make water conductive.

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16
Science

Hot water can freeze faster than cold water under certain conditions — this is called the Mpemba effect.

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17
Science

Sound travels four times faster through water than through air.

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18
Nature

Water is the only common substance on Earth that naturally exists in all three states — solid, liquid, and gas — at everyday temperatures.

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19
Geography

There is more water in Earth's mantle than in all the oceans on the surface.

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20
Science

Cesium is so reactive it explodes on contact with water — and reacts violently even with ice.

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21
Science

Sound travels about four times faster through water than through air.

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22
Nature

An average-sized cumulus cloud contains enough water for about 500 bathtubs.

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23
Space

Water has been found on the Moon, locked as ice in permanently shadowed craters near the poles.

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24
Science

There are more atoms in a glass of water than there are glasses of water in all of Earth's oceans.

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25
Science

Water expands when frozen not only because of hydrogen bonds but because the crystal structure of ice is less dense than liquid water.

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26
Science

Sound travels about 4 times faster through water than through air.

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27
Science

The boiling point of water decreases at high altitudes due to lower atmospheric pressure — at the top of Everest, water boils at 70°C.

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28
Science

The chemical formula for water, H₂O, means each molecule has exactly two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.

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29
Ocean

About 71% of Earth's surface is covered by water, but 97.5% of that is saltwater.

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30
Science

The speed of light in glass or water is slower than in a vacuum — this is how lenses and prisms work.

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