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Psychology Facts
893 facts in Psychology. Click any fact to see its full page.
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False confessions are more common than people believe — about 25% of overturned convictions involved a false confession.
The FOXP2 gene — sometimes called the 'language gene' — is involved in fine motor control of speech.
Emotional contagion — 'catching' others' moods — occurs unconsciously through facial mimicry and autonomic matching.
First impressions form within 7 seconds — and are dominated by trustworthiness, then dominance, then attractiveness.
Gratitude expression in relationships — specifically noting what your partner does — predicts relationship longevity.
Social exclusion activates the same brain regions as physical pain — rejection hurts, literally.
The 'hedonic treadmill' — adapting to both good and bad events — means major life changes have less lasting impact on happiness than expected.
Research shows that people overestimate how much strangers will think badly of them — the spotlight effect.
The 'mere exposure effect' causes people to prefer things simply through repeated exposure — including other people.
Jealousy serves a function — alerting individuals to threats to valuable relationships — but can become destructive.
Parasocial relationships — one-sided bonds with celebrities or fictional characters — activate the same neural systems as real relationships.
Couple's therapy is most effective when started early — waiting until crisis reduces the success rate significantly.
Emotional labor — managing emotions to meet social expectations — is disproportionately assigned to women.
Romantic love at its neurological peak shares features with addiction — withdrawal produces physical symptoms.
The 'actor-observer bias' causes people to attribute their own behavior to circumstances but others' to character.
Positive illusions — viewing partners more favorably than they deserve — are associated with greater relationship satisfaction.
Relationship conflict avoided is not conflict resolved — avoiding hard conversations accumulates relational debt.
The 'closeness-communication bias' causes people to assume close partners understand them — and to communicate less carefully.
Oxytocin released during social bonding increases trust within a group but can increase out-group hostility.
Children with secure attachment in infancy show better emotional regulation, social skills, and academic performance.
Research shows that relationships formed under conditions of high arousal (bridges, near-death) feel more intense.
Love activates the dopamine reward system but also suppresses serotonin — similar to OCD-like preoccupation.
Touch deprivation — the lack of physical contact — produces stress responses similar to those caused by isolation.
Loneliness is as harmful as smoking 15 cigarettes a day — triggering inflammation, cortisol, and immune suppression.
Eye contact triggers mirroring of neural activity — eyes are the primary channel for social bonding.
Couples who share novel experiences maintain higher relationship satisfaction than those in routine-only relationships.
The 'four horsemen' of relationship dysfunction (contempt, criticism, defensiveness, stonewalling) predict divorce with 93% accuracy.
Relationship satisfaction is most strongly predicted by how partners respond to each other's bids for connection.
Attachment theory, developed by John Bowlby, identifies four adult attachment styles: secure, anxious, avoidant, and disorganized.
Learning a second language preserves cognitive function with aging — bilingualism may delay Alzheimer's onset.
The 'part-set cueing effect' shows that being reminded of some items in a set can inhibit recall of others.
Hypermnesia — improved recall over time — can occur in some conditions, particularly with relaxation.
Semantic memory (facts) and episodic memory (events) are distinct systems — they dissociate in amnesia.
Source monitoring — remembering where information came from — is error-prone and often wrong.
The 'next-in-line effect' shows people remember their own performance poorly when focused on anticipation.
Autobiographical memory is constructed, not retrieved — we rebuild past experiences using fragments and inference.
Emotional memories are stronger but not more accurate — they feel more real but contain the same errors as neutral memories.
Desirable difficulty — making learning harder in productive ways — improves long-term retention.
The 'picture superiority effect' shows images are remembered better than words.
Eyewitness testimony is notoriously unreliable — false memories can be implanted through leading questions.
Memory reconsolidation means every recall slightly modifies the memory — making old memories editable.
The 'curse of knowledge' makes it hard to remember what it was like to not know something — impairing teaching.
Sleep deprivation severely impairs memory consolidation — pulling an all-nighter before an exam is counterproductive.
Expert memory is domain-specific — chess grandmasters remember chess positions but not random piece arrangements.
The von Restorff effect shows that unusual or distinctive items are remembered better than ordinary ones.
Mnemonics that use imagery, story, and location are more memorable than verbal repetition alone.
The 'testing effect' shows that taking tests before learning (pre-testing) also improves subsequent learning.
Emotional arousal enhances memory formation — the amygdala tags emotionally significant events for stronger encoding.
The 'generation effect' shows that producing information yourself rather than reading it improves memory.
The 'spacing effect' shows that information studied across multiple sessions is remembered far better than massed practice.