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11,491 facts. Click any fact to see its full page.
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📜 History 1,991
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🫀 Human Body 572
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✨ General 68
✨ Dinosaur 10
The human body is about 60% water — the brain is about 75% water.
A day on Earth was once only 6 hours long — the Moon's gravity has been gradually slowing Earth's rotation.
The Hawaiian Islands are moving toward Japan at 7 cm per year — on the Pacific tectonic plate.
Philosophy of mind asks whether mental states can be fully explained by physical processes — the 'hard problem of consciousness.'
Aristotle's concept of eudaimonia is often translated as 'happiness' but better understood as 'flourishing' or 'human excellence.'
The free will debate has three positions: hard determinism (no free will), libertarianism (genuine free will), compatibilism (both can coexist).
Epistemology — the study of knowledge — asks what we can know, how we know it, and how certain we can be.
Animal rights philosophy holds that sentient beings have interests that deserve moral consideration regardless of species.
Nietzsche's 'will to power' describes the drive to achieve, create, and grow — often misread as a call for domination.
The 'original position' in Rawls requires choosing principles of justice without knowing your social position, abilities, or values.
Consequentialism evaluates actions by their outcomes — non-consequentialism holds that some actions are intrinsically right or wrong.
Moral relativism holds that moral judgments are relative to culture or individual — cross-cultural moral criticism would be incoherent.
The problem of evil — why a good God allows suffering — has generated centuries of theological and philosophical debate.
David Hume argued that reason is the slave of the passions — values motivate action, reason only serves them.
The 'experience machine' thought experiment by Robert Nozick challenges hedonism — most people choose real experiences over perfect simulated ones.
Applied ethics examines specific moral problems — bioethics, environmental ethics, business ethics — using philosophical frameworks.
Moral intuitionism holds that some moral truths are self-evident — no justification is needed or possible.
The philosophical zombie thought experiment asks whether a being physically identical to a human could lack consciousness.
Contractarianism holds that moral rules are those that rational agents would agree to from an original position.
Moral luck — how outcomes beyond our control affect moral judgments — challenges the intuition that we're only responsible for what we control.
The 'repugnant conclusion' in population ethics suggests maximizing total happiness could justify a vast population with barely worth-living lives.
Peter Singer's 'The Life You Can Save' argues affluent people have a moral obligation to donate significantly to effective charities.
Derek Parfit's 'Reasons and Persons' challenged conventional thinking about personal identity and future generations.
The sorites paradox ('heap problem') asks when a heap of sand becomes a pile — revealing vagueness in language.
Existentialism — Sartre, Camus, Heidegger — holds that existence precedes essence — we create our own meaning.
The 'is-ought' problem, identified by David Hume, shows you can't derive values from facts alone.
Moral realism holds that moral facts exist independently of human belief — moral anti-realism denies this.
Rawls' 'veil of ignorance' asks what rules you'd choose if you didn't know your place in society.
Effective altruism applies cost-benefit analysis to charitable giving — prioritizing the most lives saved per dollar.
The trolley problem is a thought experiment that reveals tension between utilitarian and deontological moral thinking.
Virtue ethics, traced to Aristotle, focuses on character rather than rules or outcomes.
Kant's categorical imperative asks: 'Could you will that everyone act this way?' — a test for the universality of moral rules.
Utilitarianism holds that the right action is the one that maximizes overall happiness — developed by Bentham and Mill.
The global cancer burden is projected to grow 50% by 2040 — driven by aging populations and lifestyle factors.
Stunting — chronic malnutrition in childhood — affects 22% of children under 5 globally.
The flu pandemic of 1918 killed more people in 25 weeks than AIDS killed in 25 years.
Air pollution kills 7 million people annually — more than AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria combined.
Screen time over 2 hours per day in children is associated with cognitive and developmental delays.
Malaria was eliminated from Europe, North America, and much of the Caribbean — through DDT use, drainage, and quinine.
Obesity rates have tripled globally since 1975 — affecting over 650 million adults.
Universal health coverage — ensuring everyone can access health services without financial hardship — covers 67% of the global population.
The global tobacco industry spends $9 billion annually on marketing — disproportionately targeting youth and low-income countries.
Mass drug administration for neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) has nearly eliminated river blindness and lymphatic filariasis.
Telemedicine expanded dramatically during COVID-19 — it has particular promise for rural and underserved populations.
The Healthy Life Years (HALE) metric measures years lived in good health — not just total lifespan.
Handwashing with soap reduces diarrheal disease by 40% — one of the most cost-effective health interventions.
The global burden of mental illness is equivalent to a disease killing 8 million people per year.
Non-communicable diseases (heart disease, cancer, diabetes) account for 71% of all deaths globally.
Childhood malnutrition causes permanent cognitive impairment — affecting 150 million children under 5 globally.
Tobacco kills 8 million people annually — more than HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria combined.